Rapid protection induced by a single-shot Lassa vaccine in male cynomolgus monkeys

Mathieu Mateo, Stéphanie Reynard, Natalia Pietrosemoli, Emeline Perthame, Alexandra Journeaux, Kodie Noy, Clara Germain, Xavier Carnec, Caroline Picard, Virginie Borges-Cardoso, Jimmy Hortion, Hélène Lopez-Maestre, Pierrick Regnard, Lyne Fellmann, Audrey Vallve, Stéphane Barron, Ophélie Jourjon, Orianne Lacroix, Aurélie Duthey, Manon Dirheimer, Maïlys Daniau, Catherine Legras-Lachuer, Caroline Carbonnelle, Hervé Raoul, Frédéric Tangy and Sylvain Baize ()
Additional contact information
Mathieu Mateo: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Stéphanie Reynard: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Natalia Pietrosemoli: Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub
Emeline Perthame: Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub
Alexandra Journeaux: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Kodie Noy: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Clara Germain: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Xavier Carnec: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Caroline Picard: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Virginie Borges-Cardoso: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Jimmy Hortion: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur
Hélène Lopez-Maestre: Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub
Pierrick Regnard: SILABE, Université de Strasbourg, fort Foch
Lyne Fellmann: SILABE, Université de Strasbourg, fort Foch
Audrey Vallve: Laboratoire P4 INSERM – Jean Mérieux
Stéphane Barron: Laboratoire P4 INSERM – Jean Mérieux
Ophélie Jourjon: Laboratoire P4 INSERM – Jean Mérieux
Orianne Lacroix: Laboratoire P4 INSERM – Jean Mérieux
Aurélie Duthey: Laboratoire P4 INSERM – Jean Mérieux
Manon Dirheimer: INSERM, Délégation Régionale Auvergne Rhône-Alpes
Maïlys Daniau: Viroscan 3D SAS
Catherine Legras-Lachuer: Viroscan 3D SAS
Caroline Carbonnelle: Laboratoire P4 INSERM – Jean Mérieux
Hervé Raoul: Laboratoire P4 INSERM – Jean Mérieux
Frédéric Tangy: Vaccine Innovation Laboratory, Institut Pasteur
Sylvain Baize: Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract Lassa fever hits West African countries annually in the absence of licensed vaccine to limit the burden of this viral hemorrhagic fever. We previously developed MeV-NP, a single-shot vaccine protecting cynomolgus monkeys against divergent strains one month or more than a year before Lassa virus infection. Given the limited dissemination area during outbreaks and the risk of nosocomial transmission, a vaccine inducing rapid protection could be useful to protect exposed people during outbreaks in the absence of preventive vaccination. Here, we test whether the time to protection can be reduced after immunization by challenging measles virus pre-immune male cynomolgus monkeys sixteen or eight days after a single shot of MeV-NP. None of the immunized monkeys develop disease and they rapidly control viral replication. Animals immunized eight days before the challenge are the best controllers, producing a strong CD8 T-cell response against the viral glycoprotein. A group of animals was also vaccinated one hour after the challenge, but was not protected and succumbed to the disease as the control animals. This study demonstrates that MeV-NP can induce a rapid protective immune response against Lassa fever in the presence of MeV pre-existing immunity but can likely not be used as therapeutic vaccine.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37050-6

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