Commercial influenza vaccines vary in HA-complex structure and in induction of cross-reactive HA antibodies

Mallory L. Myers, John R. Gallagher, Alexander J. Kim, Walker H. Payne, Samantha Maldonado-Puga, Haralabos Assimakopoulos, Kevin W. Bock, Udana Torian, Ian N. Moore and Audray K. Harris ()
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Mallory L. Myers: National Institutes of Health
John R. Gallagher: National Institutes of Health
Alexander J. Kim: National Institutes of Health
Walker H. Payne: National Institutes of Health
Samantha Maldonado-Puga: National Institutes of Health
Haralabos Assimakopoulos: National Institutes of Health
Kevin W. Bock: National Institutes of Health
Udana Torian: National Institutes of Health
Ian N. Moore: National Institutes of Health
Audray K. Harris: National Institutes of Health

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Influenza virus infects millions of people annually and can cause global pandemics. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary component of commercial influenza vaccines (CIV), and antibody titer to HA is a primary correlate of protection. Continual antigenic variation of HA requires that CIVs are reformulated yearly. Structural organization of HA complexes have not previously been correlated with induction of broadly reactive antibodies, yet CIV formulations vary in how HA is organized. Using electron microscopy to study four current CIVs, we find structures including: individual HAs, starfish structures with up to 12 HA molecules, and novel spiked-nanodisc structures that display over 50 HA molecules along the complex’s perimeter. CIV containing these spiked nanodiscs elicit the highest levels of heterosubtypic cross-reactive antibodies in female mice. Here, we report that HA structural organization can be an important CIV parameter and can be associated with the induction of cross-reactive antibodies to conserved HA epitopes.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37162-z

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