Large piezoelectric response in a Jahn-Teller distorted molecular metal halide

Sasa Wang, Asif Abdullah Khan, Sam Teale, Jian Xu, Darshan H. Parmar, Ruyan Zhao, Luke Grater, Peter Serles, Yu Zou, Tobin Filleter, Dwight S. Seferos, Dayan Ban () and Edward H. Sargent ()
Additional contact information
Sasa Wang: University of Toronto
Asif Abdullah Khan: University of Waterloo
Sam Teale: University of Toronto
Jian Xu: University of Toronto
Darshan H. Parmar: University of Toronto
Ruyan Zhao: University of Toronto
Luke Grater: University of Toronto
Peter Serles: University of Toronto
Yu Zou: University of Toronto
Tobin Filleter: University of Toronto
Dwight S. Seferos: University of Toronto
Dayan Ban: University of Waterloo
Edward H. Sargent: University of Toronto

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Piezoelectric materials convert between mechanical and electrical energy and are a basis for self-powered electronics. Current piezoelectrics exhibit either large charge (d33) or voltage (g33) coefficients but not both simultaneously, and yet the maximum energy density for energy harvesting is determined by the transduction coefficient: d33*g33. In prior piezoelectrics, an increase in polarization usually accompanies a dramatic rise in the dielectric constant, resulting in trade off between d33 and g33. This recognition led us to a design concept: increase polarization through Jahn-Teller lattice distortion and reduce the dielectric constant using a highly confined 0D molecular architecture. With this in mind, we sought to insert a quasi-spherical cation into a Jahn-Teller distorted lattice, increasing the mechanical response for a large piezoelectric coefficient. We implemented this concept by developing EDABCO-CuCl4 (EDABCO = N-ethyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium), a molecular piezoelectric with a d33 of 165 pm/V and g33 of ~2110 × 10−3 V m N−1, one that achieved thusly a combined transduction coefficient of 348 × 10−12 m3 J−1. This enables piezoelectric energy harvesting in EDABCO-CuCl4@PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) composite film with a peak power density of 43 µW/cm2 (at 50 kPa), the highest value reported for mechanical energy harvesters based on heavy-metal-free molecular piezoelectric.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37471-3

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