Mapping the pathways of photo-induced ion migration in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites

Taeyong Kim, Soyeon Park, Vasudevan Iyer, Basamat Shaheen, Usama Choudhry, Qi Jiang, Gage Eichman, Ryan Gnabasik, Kyle Kelley, Benjamin Lawrie (), Kai Zhu () and Bolin Liao ()
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Taeyong Kim: University of California
Soyeon Park: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Vasudevan Iyer: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Basamat Shaheen: University of California
Usama Choudhry: University of California
Qi Jiang: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Gage Eichman: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Ryan Gnabasik: University of California
Kyle Kelley: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Benjamin Lawrie: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Kai Zhu: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Bolin Liao: University of California

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites exhibiting exceptional photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties are of fundamental and practical interest, owing to their tunability and low manufacturing cost. For practical applications, however, challenges such as material instability and the photocurrent hysteresis occurring in perovskite solar cells under light exposure need to be understood and addressed. While extensive investigations have suggested that ion migration is a plausible origin of these detrimental effects, detailed understanding of the ion migration pathways remains elusive. Here, we report the characterization of photo-induced ion migration in perovskites using in situ laser illumination inside a scanning electron microscope, coupled with secondary electron imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence with varying primary electron energies. Using methylammonium lead iodide and formamidinium lead iodide as model systems, we observed photo-induced long-range migration of halide ions over hundreds of micrometers and elucidated the transport pathways of various ions both near the surface and inside the bulk of the samples, including a surprising finding of the vertical migration of lead ions. Our study provides insights into ion migration processes in perovskites that can aid perovskite material design and processing in future applications.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37486-w

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