The structural basis of tRNA recognition by arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase

Thilini Abeywansha, Wei Huang, Xuan Ye, Allison Nawrocki, Xin Lan, Eckhard Jankowsky, Derek J. Taylor () and Yi Zhang ()
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Thilini Abeywansha: Case Western Reserve University
Wei Huang: Case Western Reserve University
Xuan Ye: Case Western Reserve University
Allison Nawrocki: Case Western Reserve University
Xin Lan: Case Western Reserve University
Eckhard Jankowsky: Case Western Reserve University
Derek J. Taylor: Case Western Reserve University
Yi Zhang: Case Western Reserve University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 (ATE1) is a master regulator of protein homeostasis, stress response, cytoskeleton maintenance, and cell migration. The diverse functions of ATE1 arise from its unique enzymatic activity to covalently attach an arginine onto its protein substrates in a tRNA-dependent manner. However, how ATE1 (and other aminoacyl-tRNA transferases) hijacks tRNA from the highly efficient ribosomal protein synthesis pathways and catalyzes the arginylation reaction remains a mystery. Here, we describe the three-dimensional structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATE1 with and without its tRNA cofactor. Importantly, the putative substrate binding domain of ATE1 adopts a previously uncharacterized fold that contains an atypical zinc-binding site critical for ATE1 stability and function. The unique recognition of tRNAArg by ATE1 is coordinated through interactions with the major groove of the acceptor arm of tRNA. Binding of tRNA induces conformational changes in ATE1 that helps explain the mechanism of substrate arginylation.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38004-8

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