Dispersion-engineered metasurfaces reaching broadband 90% relative diffraction efficiency

Wei Ting Chen, Joon-Suh Park, Justin Marchioni, Sophia Millay, Kerolos M. A. Yousef and Federico Capasso ()
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Wei Ting Chen: Harvard University
Joon-Suh Park: Harvard University
Justin Marchioni: Harvard University
Sophia Millay: Harvard University
Kerolos M. A. Yousef: Harvard University
Federico Capasso: Harvard University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Dispersion results from the variation of index of refraction as well as electric field confinement in sub-wavelength structures. It usually results in efficiency decrease in metasurface components leading to troublesome scattering into unwanted directions. In this letter, by dispersion engineering, we report a set of eight nanostructures whose dispersion properties are nearly identical to each other while being capable of providing 0 to 2π full-phase coverage. Our nanostructure set enables broadband and polarization-insensitive metasurface components reaching 90% relative diffraction efficiency (normalized to the power of transmitted light) from 450 nm to 700 nm in wavelength. Relative diffraction efficiency is important at a system level – in addition to diffraction efficiency (normalized to the power of incident light) – as it considers only the transmitted optical power that can affect the signal to noise ratio. We first illustrate our design principle by a chromatic dispersion-engineered metasurface grating, then show that other metasurface components such as chromatic metalenses can also be implemented by the same set of nanostructures with significantly improved relative diffraction efficiency.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38185-2

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