Coordinated regulation of vegetative phase change by brassinosteroids and the age pathway in Arabidopsis

Bingying Zhou, Qing Luo, Yanghui Shen, Liang Wei, Xia Song, Hangqian Liao, Lan Ni, Tao Shen, Xinglin Du, Junyou Han, Mingyi Jiang, Shengjun Feng () and Gang Wu ()
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Bingying Zhou: Jilin University
Qing Luo: Jilin University
Yanghui Shen: Zhejiang A&F University
Liang Wei: Zhejiang A&F University
Xia Song: Zhejiang A&F University
Hangqian Liao: Zhejiang A&F University
Lan Ni: Nanjing Agricultural University
Tao Shen: Nanjing Agricultural University
Xinglin Du: Jilin University
Junyou Han: Jilin University
Mingyi Jiang: Nanjing Agricultural University
Shengjun Feng: Zhejiang A&F University
Gang Wu: Zhejiang A&F University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract Vegetative phase change in plants is regulated by a gradual decline in the level of miR156 and a corresponding increase in the expression of its targets, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes. Gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), and cytokinin (CK) regulate vegetative phase change by affecting genes in the miR156-SPL pathway. However, whether other phytohormones play a role in vegetative phase change remains unknown. Here, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic gene, DWARF5 (DWF5), delays vegetative phase change, and the defective phenotype is primarily attributable to reduced levels of SPL9 and miR172, and a corresponding increase in TARGET OF EAT1 (TOE1). We further show that GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPL9 and TOE1 to cause subsequent proteolytic degradation. Therefore, BRs function to stabilize SPL9 and TOE1 simultaneously to regulate vegetative phase change in plants.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38207-z

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