Ultralong 100 ns spin relaxation time in graphite at room temperature

B. G. Márkus, M. Gmitra, B. Dóra, G. Csősz, T. Fehér, P. Szirmai, B. Náfrádi, V. Zólyomi, L. Forró, J. Fabian () and F. Simon ()
Additional contact information
B. G. Márkus: University of Notre Dame
M. Gmitra: Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
B. Dóra: Institute of Physics and MTA-BME Lendület Topology and Correlation Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics
G. Csősz: Budapest University of Technology and Economics
T. Fehér: Budapest University of Technology and Economics
P. Szirmai: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
B. Náfrádi: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
V. Zólyomi: Daresbury Laboratory
L. Forró: University of Notre Dame
J. Fabian: University of Regensburg
F. Simon: Wigner Research Centre for Physics

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Graphite has been intensively studied, yet its electron spins dynamics remains an unresolved problem even 70 years after the first experiments. The central quantities, the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times were postulated to be equal, mirroring standard metals, but T1 has never been measured for graphite. Here, based on a detailed band structure calculation including spin-orbit coupling, we predict an unexpected behavior of the relaxation times. We find, based on saturation ESR measurements, that T1 is markedly different from T2. Spins injected with perpendicular polarization with respect to the graphene plane have an extraordinarily long lifetime of 100 ns at room temperature. This is ten times more than in the best graphene samples. The spin diffusion length across graphite planes is thus expected to be ultralong, on the scale of ~ 70 μm, suggesting that thin films of graphite — or multilayer AB graphene stacks — can be excellent platforms for spintronics applications compatible with 2D van der Waals technologies. Finally, we provide a qualitative account of the observed spin relaxation based on the anisotropic spin admixture of the Bloch states in graphite obtained from density functional theory calculations.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38288-w

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