Lava dome cycles reveal rise and fall of magma column at Popocatépetl volcano

Sébastien Valade (), Diego Coppola, Robin Campion, Andreas Ley, Thomas Boulesteix, Noémie Taquet, Denis Legrand, Marco Laiolo, Thomas R. Walter and Servando Cruz-Reyna
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Sébastien Valade: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica
Diego Coppola: Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
Robin Campion: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica
Andreas Ley: Technische Universität Berlin
Thomas Boulesteix: Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)
Noémie Taquet: Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)
Denis Legrand: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica
Marco Laiolo: Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
Thomas R. Walter: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg
Servando Cruz-Reyna: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Lava domes exhibit highly unpredictable and hazardous behavior, which is why imaging their morphological evolution to decipher the underlying governing mechanisms remains a major challenge. Using high-resolution satellite radar imagery enhanced with deep-learning, we image the repetitive dome construction-subsidence cycles at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico) with very high temporal and spatial resolution. We show that these cycles resemble gas-driven rise and fall of the upper magma column, where buoyant bubble-rich magma is extruded from the conduit (in ~hours-days), and successively drained back (in ~days-months) as magma degasses and crystallizes. These cycles are superimposed on a progressive decadal crater deepening, accompanied by heat and gas flux decrease, which could be partially explained by gas depletion within the magma plumbing system. Results reinforce the idea that gas retention and escape from the magma column play a key role in the short- and long-term morphological evolution of low-viscosity lava domes and their associated hazards.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38386-9

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