Diversity of the Pacific Ocean coral reef microbiome

Pierre E. Galand (), Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh, Guillem Salazar, Corentin Hochart, Nicolas Henry, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Pedro H. Oliveira, Aude Perdereau, Karine Labadie, Caroline Belser, Emilie Boissin, Sarah Romac, Julie Poulain, Guillaume Bourdin, Guillaume Iwankow, Clémentine Moulin, Eric J. Armstrong, David A. Paz-García, Maren Ziegler, Sylvain Agostini, Bernard Banaigs, Emmanuel Boss, Chris Bowler, Colomban Vargas, Eric Douville, Michel Flores, Didier Forcioli, Paola Furla, Eric Gilson, Fabien Lombard, Stéphane Pesant, Stéphanie Reynaud, Olivier P. Thomas, Romain Troublé, Didier Zoccola, Christian R. Voolstra, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Shinichi Sunagawa, Patrick Wincker, Denis Allemand and Serge Planes
Additional contact information
Pierre E. Galand: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls
Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh: Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich
Guillem Salazar: Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich
Corentin Hochart: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls
Nicolas Henry: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Benjamin C. C. Hume: University of Konstanz
Pedro H. Oliveira: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Aude Perdereau: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Karine Labadie: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Caroline Belser: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Emilie Boissin: Université de Perpignan
Sarah Romac: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, ECOMAP
Julie Poulain: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Guillaume Bourdin: University of Maine
Guillaume Iwankow: Université de Perpignan
Clémentine Moulin: Fondation Tara Océan
Eric J. Armstrong: Université de Perpignan
David A. Paz-García: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR)
Maren Ziegler: Justus Liebig University Giessen
Sylvain Agostini: University of Tsukuba
Bernard Banaigs: Université de Perpignan
Emmanuel Boss: University of Maine
Chris Bowler: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Colomban Vargas: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Eric Douville: Université Paris-Saclay
Michel Flores: Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Didier Forcioli: Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Medical School
Paola Furla: Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Medical School
Eric Gilson: Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Medical School
Fabien Lombard: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Stéphane Pesant: European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton
Stéphanie Reynaud: LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco
Olivier P. Thomas: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway
Romain Troublé: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Didier Zoccola: LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco
Christian R. Voolstra: University of Konstanz
Rebecca Vega Thurber: Oregon State University
Shinichi Sunagawa: Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich
Patrick Wincker: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE
Denis Allemand: LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d’Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco
Serge Planes: Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 GOSEE

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They support high biodiversity of multicellular organisms that strongly rely on associated microorganisms for health and nutrition. However, the extent of the coral reef microbiome diversity and its distribution at the oceanic basin-scale remains to be explored. Here, we systematically sampled 3 coral morphotypes, 2 fish species, and planktonic communities in 99 reefs from 32 islands across the Pacific Ocean, to assess reef microbiome composition and biogeography. We show a very large richness of reef microorganisms compared to other environments, which extrapolated to all fishes and corals of the Pacific, approximates the current estimated total prokaryotic diversity for the entire Earth. Microbial communities vary among and within the 3 animal biomes (coral, fish, plankton), and geographically. For corals, the cross-ocean patterns of diversity are different from those known for other multicellular organisms. Within each coral morphotype, community composition is always determined by geographic distance first, both at the island and across ocean scale, and then by environment. Our unprecedented sampling effort of coral reef microbiomes, as part of the Tara Pacific expedition, provides new insight into the global microbial diversity, the factors driving their distribution, and the biocomplexity of reef ecosystems.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38500-x

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