Imaging quantized vortex rings in superfluid helium to evaluate quantum dissipation

Yuan Tang, Wei Guo (), Hiromichi Kobayashi, Satoshi Yui, Makoto Tsubota and Toshiaki Kanai
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Yuan Tang: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Wei Guo: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Hiromichi Kobayashi: Keio University
Satoshi Yui: Osaka Metropolitan University
Makoto Tsubota: Osaka Metropolitan University
Toshiaki Kanai: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The motion of quantized vortices is responsible for many intriguing phenomena in diverse quantum-fluid systems. Having a theoretical model to reliably predict the vortex motion therefore promises a broad significance. But a grand challenge in developing such a model is to evaluate the dissipative force caused by thermal quasiparticles in the quantum fluids scattering off the vortex cores. Various models have been proposed, but it remains unclear which model describes reality due to the lack of comparative experimental data. Here we report a visualization study of quantized vortex rings propagating in superfluid helium. By examining how the vortex rings spontaneously decay, we provide decisive data to identify the model that best reproduces observations. This study helps to eliminate ambiguities about the dissipative force acting on vortices, which could have implications for research in various quantum-fluid systems that also involve similar forces, such as superfluid neutron stars and gravity-mapped holographic superfluids.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38787-w

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