Highly lethal genotype I and II recombinant African swine fever viruses detected in pigs

Dongming Zhao, Encheng Sun, Lianyu Huang, Leilei Ding, Yuanmao Zhu, Jiwen Zhang, Dongdong Shen, Xianfeng Zhang, Zhenjiang Zhang, Tao Ren, Wan Wang, Fang Li, Xijun He and Zhigao Bu ()
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Dongming Zhao: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Encheng Sun: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Lianyu Huang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Leilei Ding: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yuanmao Zhu: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiwen Zhang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Dongdong Shen: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xianfeng Zhang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhenjiang Zhang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Tao Ren: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Wan Wang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Fang Li: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xijun He: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhigao Bu: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a great threat to the global pig industry and food security. Currently, 24 ASFV genotypes have been reported but it is unclear whether recombination of different genotype viruses occurs in nature. In this study, we detect three recombinants of genotype I and II ASFVs in pigs in China. These recombinants are genetically similar and classified as genotype I according to their B646L gene, yet 10 discrete fragments accounting for over 56% of their genomes are derived from genotype II virus. Animal studies with one of the recombinant viruses indicate high lethality and transmissibility in pigs, and deletion of the virulence-related genes MGF_505/360 and EP402R derived from virulent genotype II virus highly attenuates its virulence. The live attenuated vaccine derived from genotype II ASFV is not protective against challenge of the recombinant virus. These naturally occurring recombinants of genotype I and II ASFVs have the potential to pose a challenge to the global pig industry.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38868-w

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