Cross-linked polyaniline for production of long lifespan aqueous iron||organic batteries with electrochromic properties

Haiming Lv, Zhiquan Wei, Cuiping Han (), Xiaolong Yang, Zijie Tang, Yantu Zhang, Chunyi Zhi () and Hongfei Li ()
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Haiming Lv: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan
Zhiquan Wei: City University of Hong Kong
Cuiping Han: Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Low Dimensional Energy Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaolong Yang: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan
Zijie Tang: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan
Yantu Zhang: Yan’an University
Chunyi Zhi: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan
Hongfei Li: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Aqueous iron batteries are appealing candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their safety and low-cost aspects. However, the development of aqueous Fe batteries is hindered by their inadequate long-term cycling stability. Here, we propose the synthesis and application as positive electrode active material of cross-linked polyaniline (C-PANI). We use melamine as the crosslinker to improve the electronical conductivity and electrochemical stability of the C-PANI. Indeed, when the C-PANI is tested in combination with a Fe metal negative electrode and 1 M iron trifluoromethanesulfonate (Fe(TOF)2) electrolyte solution, the coin cell can deliver a specific capacity of about 110 mAh g−1 and an average discharge voltage of 0.55 V after 39,000 cycles at 25 A g−1 with a test temperature of 28 °C ± 1 °C. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggest that Fe2+ ions are bonded to TOF− anions to form positively charged complexes Fe(TOF)+, which are stored with protons in the C-PANI electrode structures. Finally, we also demonstrate the use of C-PANI in combination with a polymeric hydrogel electrolyte to produce a flexible reflective electrochromic lab-scale iron battery prototype.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38890-y

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