Integrating I(I)/I(III) catalysis in reaction cascade design enables the synthesis of gem-difluorinated tetralins from cyclobutanols

Joel Häfliger, Louise Ruyet, Nico Stübke, Constantin G. Daniliuc and Ryan Gilmour ()
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Joel Häfliger: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster
Louise Ruyet: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster
Nico Stübke: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster
Constantin G. Daniliuc: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster
Ryan Gilmour: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Partially saturated, fluorine-containing rings are ubiquitous across the drug discovery spectrum. This capitalises upon the biological significance of the native structure and the physicochemical advantages conferred by fluorination. Motivated by the significance of aryl tetralins in bioactive small molecules, a reaction cascade has been validated to generate novel gem-difluorinated isosteres from 1,3-diaryl cyclobutanols in a single operation. Under the Brønsted acidity of the catalysis conditions, an acid-catalysed unmasking/fluorination sequence generates a homoallylic fluoride in situ. This species serves as the substrate for an I(I)/I(III) cycle and is processed, via a phenonium ion rearrangement, to an (isolable) 1,3,3-trifluoride. A final C(sp3)-F bond activation event, enabled by HFIP, forges the difluorinated tetralin scaffold. The cascade is highly modular, enabling the intermediates to be intercepted: this provides an expansive platform for the generation of structural diversity.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38957-w

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