Quantum simulation of Hawking radiation and curved spacetime with a superconducting on-chip black hole

Yun-Hao Shi, Run-Qiu Yang, Zhongcheng Xiang, Zi-Yong Ge, Hao Li, Yong-Yi Wang, Kaixuan Huang, Ye Tian, Xiaohui Song, Dongning Zheng (), Kai Xu (), Rong-Gen Cai () and Heng Fan ()
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Yun-Hao Shi: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Run-Qiu Yang: Tianjin University
Zhongcheng Xiang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zi-Yong Ge: RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
Hao Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yong-Yi Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kaixuan Huang: Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Ye Tian: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaohui Song: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dongning Zheng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kai Xu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Rong-Gen Cai: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Heng Fan: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Hawking radiation is one of the quantum features of a black hole that can be understood as a quantum tunneling across the event horizon of the black hole, but it is quite difficult to directly observe the Hawking radiation of an astrophysical black hole. Here, we report a fermionic lattice-model-type realization of an analogue black hole by using a chain of 10 superconducting transmon qubits with interactions mediated by 9 transmon-type tunable couplers. The quantum walks of quasi-particle in the curved spacetime reflect the gravitational effect near the black hole, resulting in the behaviour of stimulated Hawking radiation, which is verified by the state tomography measurement of all 7 qubits outside the horizon. In addition, the dynamics of entanglement in the curved spacetime is directly measured. Our results would stimulate more interests to explore the related features of black holes using the programmable superconducting processor with tunable couplers.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39064-6

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