Point singularity array with metasurfaces

Soon Wei Daniel Lim (), Joon-Suh Park, Dmitry Kazakov, Christina M. Spägele, Ahmed H. Dorrah, Maryna L. Meretska and Federico Capasso
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Soon Wei Daniel Lim: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Joon-Suh Park: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Dmitry Kazakov: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Christina M. Spägele: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Ahmed H. Dorrah: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Maryna L. Meretska: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Federico Capasso: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Phase singularities are loci of darkness surrounded by monochromatic light in a scalar field, with applications in optical trapping, super-resolution imaging, and structured light-matter interactions. Although 1D singular structures, like optical vortices, are common due to their robust topological properties, uncommon 0D (point) and 2D (sheet) singularities can be generated by wavefront-shaping devices like metasurfaces. With the design flexibility of metasurfaces, we deterministically position ten identical point singularities using a single illumination source. The phasefront is inverse-designed using phase-gradient maximization with an automatically-differentiable propagator and produces tight longitudinal intensity confinement. The array is experimentally realized with a TiO2 metasurface. One possible application is blue-detuned neutral atom trap arrays, for which this field would enforce 3D confinement and a potential depth around 0.22 mK per watt of incident laser power. We show that metasurface-enabled point singularity engineering may significantly simplify and miniaturize the optical architecture for super-resolution microscopes and dark traps.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39072-6

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