Observation of bulk quadrupole in topological heat transport

Guoqiang Xu, Xue Zhou, Shuihua Yang, Jing Wu and Cheng-Wei Qiu ()
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Guoqiang Xu: National University of Singapore
Xue Zhou: Chongqing Technology and Business University
Shuihua Yang: National University of Singapore
Jing Wu: Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Cheng-Wei Qiu: National University of Singapore

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The quantized bulk quadrupole moment has so far revealed a non-trivial boundary state with lower-dimensional topological edge states and in-gap zero-dimensional corner modes. In contrast to photonic implementations, state-of-the-art strategies for topological thermal metamaterials struggle to achieve such higher-order hierarchical features. This is due to the absence of quantized bulk quadrupole moments in thermal diffusion fundamentally prohibiting possible band topology expansions. Here, we report a recipe for generating quantized bulk quadrupole moments in fluid heat transport and observe the quadrupole topological phases in non-Hermitian thermal systems. Our experiments show that both the real- and imaginary-valued bands exhibit the hierarchical features of bulk, gapped edge and in-gap corner states—in stark contrast to the higher-order states observed only on real-valued bands in classical wave fields. Our findings open up unique possibilities for diffusive metamaterial engineering and establish a playground for multipolar topological physics.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39117-w

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