The HIV-1 capsid core is an opportunistic nuclear import receptor

Guangai Xue, Hyun Jae Yu, Cindy Buffone, Szu-Wei Huang, KyeongEun Lee, Shih Lin Goh, Anna T. Gres, Mehmet Hakan Guney, Stefan G. Sarafianos, Jeremy Luban, Felipe Diaz-Griffero and Vineet N. KewalRamani ()
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Guangai Xue: Model Development Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute
Hyun Jae Yu: Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory
Cindy Buffone: Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Szu-Wei Huang: Model Development Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute
KyeongEun Lee: Model Development Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute
Shih Lin Goh: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Anna T. Gres: University of Missouri
Mehmet Hakan Guney: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Stefan G. Sarafianos: University of Missouri
Jeremy Luban: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Felipe Diaz-Griffero: Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Vineet N. KewalRamani: Model Development Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract The movement of viruses and other large macromolecular cargo through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is poorly understood. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provides an attractive model to interrogate this process. HIV-1 capsid (CA), the chief structural component of the viral core, is a critical determinant in nuclear transport of the virus. HIV-1 interactions with NPCs are dependent on CA, which makes direct contact with nucleoporins (Nups). Here we identify Nup35, Nup153, and POM121 to coordinately support HIV-1 nuclear entry. For Nup35 and POM121, this dependence was dependent cyclophilin A (CypA) interaction with CA. Mutation of CA or removal of soluble host factors changed the interaction with the NPC. Nup35 and POM121 make direct interactions with HIV-1 CA via regions containing phenylalanine glycine motifs (FG-motifs). Collectively, these findings provide additional evidence that the HIV-1 CA core functions as a macromolecular nuclear transport receptor (NTR) that exploits soluble host factors to modulate NPC requirements during nuclear invasion.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39146-5

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