Quantum bath suppression in a superconducting circuit by immersion cooling

M. Lucas, A. V. Danilov, L. V. Levitin, A. Jayaraman, A. J. Casey, L. Faoro, A. Ya. Tzalenchuk, S. E. Kubatkin, J. Saunders and S. E. de Graaf ()
Additional contact information
M. Lucas: Royal Holloway University of London
A. V. Danilov: Chalmers University of Technology
L. V. Levitin: Royal Holloway University of London
A. Jayaraman: Chalmers University of Technology
A. J. Casey: Royal Holloway University of London
L. Faoro: Google Quantum AI, Google Research
A. Ya. Tzalenchuk: Royal Holloway University of London
S. E. Kubatkin: Chalmers University of Technology
J. Saunders: Royal Holloway University of London
S. E. de Graaf: National Physical Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Quantum circuits interact with the environment via several temperature-dependent degrees of freedom. Multiple experiments to-date have shown that most properties of superconducting devices appear to plateau out at T ≈ 50 mK – far above the refrigerator base temperature. This is for example reflected in the thermal state population of qubits, in excess numbers of quasiparticles, and polarisation of surface spins – factors contributing to reduced coherence. We demonstrate how to remove this thermal constraint by operating a circuit immersed in liquid 3He. This allows to efficiently cool the decohering environment of a superconducting resonator, and we see a continuous change in measured physical quantities down to previously unexplored sub-mK temperatures. The 3He acts as a heat sink which increases the energy relaxation rate of the quantum bath coupled to the circuit a thousand times, yet the suppressed bath does not introduce additional circuit losses or noise. Such quantum bath suppression can reduce decoherence in quantum circuits and opens a route for both thermal and coherence management in quantum processors.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39249-z

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