Structure and antigenicity of divergent Henipavirus fusion glycoproteins

Ariel Isaacs, Yu Shang Low, Kyle L. Macauslane, Joy Seitanidou, Cassandra L. Pegg, Stacey T. M. Cheung, Benjamin Liang, Connor A. P. Scott, Michael J. Landsberg, Benjamin L. Schulz, Keith J. Chappell, Naphak Modhiran () and Daniel Watterson ()
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Ariel Isaacs: The University of Queensland
Yu Shang Low: The University of Queensland
Kyle L. Macauslane: The University of Queensland
Joy Seitanidou: The University of Queensland
Cassandra L. Pegg: The University of Queensland
Stacey T. M. Cheung: The University of Queensland
Benjamin Liang: The University of Queensland
Connor A. P. Scott: The University of Queensland
Michael J. Landsberg: The University of Queensland
Benjamin L. Schulz: The University of Queensland
Keith J. Chappell: The University of Queensland
Naphak Modhiran: The University of Queensland
Daniel Watterson: The University of Queensland

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract In August 2022, a novel henipavirus (HNV) named Langya virus (LayV) was isolated from patients with severe pneumonic disease in China. This virus is closely related to Mòjiāng virus (MojV), and both are divergent from the bat-borne HNV members, Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. The spillover of LayV is the first instance of a HNV zoonosis to humans outside of NiV and HeV, highlighting the continuing threat this genus poses to human health. In this work, we determine the prefusion structures of MojV and LayV F proteins via cryogenic electron microscopy to 2.66 and 3.37 Å, respectively. We show that despite sequence divergence from NiV, the F proteins adopt an overall similar structure but are antigenically distinct as they do not react to known antibodies or sera. Glycoproteomic analysis revealed that while LayV F is less glycosylated than NiV F, it contains a glycan that shields a site of vulnerability previously identified for NiV. These findings explain the distinct antigenic profile of LayV and MojV F, despite the extent to which they are otherwise structurally similar to NiV. Our results carry implications for broad-spectrum HNV vaccines and therapeutics, and indicate an antigenic, yet not structural, divergence from prototypical HNVs.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39278-8

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