Revealing the closed pore formation of waste wood-derived hard carbon for advanced sodium-ion battery

Zheng Tang, Rui Zhang, Haiyan Wang (), Siyu Zhou, Zhiyi Pan, Yuancheng Huang, Dan Sun (), Yougen Tang, Xiaobo Ji, Khalil Amine () and Minhua Shao ()
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Zheng Tang: Central South University
Rui Zhang: Central South University
Haiyan Wang: Central South University
Siyu Zhou: Central South University
Zhiyi Pan: Guangxi University
Yuancheng Huang: Central South University
Dan Sun: Central South University
Yougen Tang: Central South University
Xiaobo Ji: Central South University
Khalil Amine: Argonne National Laboratory
Minhua Shao: Energy Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Although the closed pore structure plays a key role in contributing low-voltage plateau capacity of hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries, the formation mechanism of closed pores is still under debate. Here, we employ waste wood-derived hard carbon as a template to systematically establish the formation mechanisms of closed pores and their effect on sodium storage performance. We find that the high crystallinity cellulose in nature wood decomposes to long-range carbon layers as the wall of closed pore, and the amorphous component can hinder the graphitization of carbon layer and induce the crispation of long-range carbon layers. The optimized sample demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 430 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 (plateau capacity of 293 mAh g−1 for the second cycle), as well as good rate and stable cycling performances (85.4% after 400 cycles at 500 mA g−1). Deep insights into the closed pore formation will greatly forward the rational design of hard carbon anode with high capacity.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39637-5

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