Rapid genetic screening with high quality factor metasurfaces

Jack Hu (), Fareeha Safir, Kai Chang, Sahil Dagli, Halleh B. Balch, John M. Abendroth, Jefferson Dixon, Parivash Moradifar, Varun Dolia, Malaya K. Sahoo, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Stefanie S. Jeffrey, Mark Lawrence () and Jennifer A. Dionne ()
Additional contact information
Jack Hu: Stanford University
Fareeha Safir: Stanford University
Kai Chang: Stanford University
Sahil Dagli: Stanford University
Halleh B. Balch: Stanford University
John M. Abendroth: Laboratory for Solid State Physics
Jefferson Dixon: Stanford University
Parivash Moradifar: Stanford University
Varun Dolia: Stanford University
Malaya K. Sahoo: Stanford University School of Medicine
Benjamin A. Pinsky: Stanford University School of Medicine
Stefanie S. Jeffrey: Stanford University School of Medicine
Mark Lawrence: Washington University in St. Louis
Jennifer A. Dionne: Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Genetic analysis methods are foundational to advancing personalized medicine, accelerating disease diagnostics, and monitoring the health of organisms and ecosystems. Current nucleic acid technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) rely on sample amplification and can suffer from inhibition. Here, we introduce a label-free genetic screening platform based on high quality (high-Q) factor silicon nanoantennas functionalized with nucleic acid fragments. Each high-Q nanoantenna exhibits average resonant quality factors of 2,200 in physiological buffer. We quantitatively detect two gene fragments, SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) and open reading frame 1b (ORF1b), with high-specificity via DNA hybridization. We also demonstrate femtomolar sensitivity in buffer and nanomolar sensitivity in spiked nasopharyngeal eluates within 5 minutes. Nanoantennas are patterned at densities of 160,000 devices per cm2, enabling future work on highly-multiplexed detection. Combined with advances in complex sample processing, our work provides a foundation for rapid, compact, and amplification-free molecular assays.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39721-w

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