Self-bridging metamaterials surpassing the theoretical limit of Poisson’s ratios

Jinhao Zhang, Mi Xiao (), Liang Gao (), Andrea Alù and Fengwen Wang
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Jinhao Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Mi Xiao: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Liang Gao: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Andrea Alù: City University of New York
Fengwen Wang: Technical University of Denmark, Koppels Allé

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract A hallmark of mechanical metamaterials has been the realization of negative Poisson’s ratios, associated with auxeticity. However, natural and engineered Poisson’s ratios obey fundamental bounds determined by stability, linearity and thermodynamics. Overcoming these limits may substantially extend the range of Poisson’s ratios realizable in mechanical systems, of great interest for medical stents and soft robots. Here, we demonstrate freeform self-bridging metamaterials that synthesize multi-mode microscale levers, realizing Poisson’s ratios surpassing the values allowed by thermodynamics in linear materials. Bridging slits between microstructures via self-contacts yields multiple rotation behaviors of microscale levers, which break the symmetry and invariance of the constitutive tensors under different load scenarios, enabling inaccessible deformation patterns. Based on these features, we unveil a bulk mode that breaks static reciprocity, providing an explicit and programmable way to manipulate the non-reciprocal transmission of displacement fields in static mechanics. Besides non-reciprocal Poisson’s ratios, we also realize ultra-large and step-like values, which make metamaterials exhibit orthogonally bidirectional displacement amplification, and expansion under both tension and compression, respectively.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39792-9

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