Vγ1 and Vγ4 gamma-delta T cells play opposing roles in the immunopathology of traumatic brain injury in males

Hadi Abou-El-Hassan, Rafael M. Rezende, Saef Izzy, Galina Gabriely, Taha Yahya, Bruna K. Tatematsu, Karl J. Habashy, Juliana R. Lopes, Gislane L. V. Oliveira, Amir-Hadi Maghzi, Zhuoran Yin, Laura M. Cox, Rajesh Krishnan, Oleg Butovsky and Howard L. Weiner ()
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Hadi Abou-El-Hassan: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Rafael M. Rezende: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Saef Izzy: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Galina Gabriely: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Taha Yahya: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Bruna K. Tatematsu: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Karl J. Habashy: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Juliana R. Lopes: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Gislane L. V. Oliveira: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Amir-Hadi Maghzi: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Zhuoran Yin: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Laura M. Cox: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Rajesh Krishnan: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Oleg Butovsky: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Howard L. Weiner: Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells have been shown to affect brain immunopathology in multiple different conditions, however, their role in acute and chronic TBI is largely unknown. Here, we show that γδ T cells affect the pathophysiology of TBI as early as one day and up to one year following injury in a mouse model. TCRδ−/− mice are characterized by reduced inflammation in acute TBI and improved neurocognitive functions in chronic TBI. We find that the Vγ1 and Vγ4 γδ T cell subsets play opposing roles in TBI. Vγ4 γδ T cells infiltrate the brain and secrete IFN-γ and IL-17 that activate microglia and induce neuroinflammation. Vγ1 γδ T cells, however, secrete TGF-β that maintains microglial homeostasis and dampens TBI upon infiltrating the brain. These findings provide new insights on the role of different γδ T cell subsets after brain injury and lay down the principles for the development of targeted γδ T-cell-based therapy for TBI.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39857-9

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