New constraints on Ti diffusion in quartz and the priming of silicic volcanic eruptions

Andreas Audétat (), Axel K. Schmitt, Raphael Njul, Megan Saalfeld, Anastassia Borisova and Yongjun Lu
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Andreas Audétat: University of Bayreuth
Axel K. Schmitt: Heidelberg University
Raphael Njul: University of Bayreuth
Megan Saalfeld: Montana State University
Anastassia Borisova: University of Toulouse, CNRS
Yongjun Lu: Industry Regulation and Safety

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Titanium diffusion profiles in quartz crystals are widely applied to constrain the duration of magmatic processes. However, experimentally determined Ti diffusion coefficients in quartz diverge by three orders of magnitude. To rectify this problem we derive Ti diffusion coefficients from natural quartz phenocrysts from the 1991 eruption at Mt. Pinatubo, by combining U-Th ages of small (15–40 µm long) zircon inclusions with Ti diffusion profiles measured at nearby growth zone contacts in the same quartz crystals. Application of the obtained data to quartz crystals with Ti-rich rims from thirteen silicic volcanic tuffs worldwide suggests that the magmas erupted years to thousands of years after magma chamber rejuvenation, with the priming time increasing with magma volume and decreasing temperature. Here we show that the time scales involved in the generation of silicic volcanic eruptions are much longer than originally thought.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39912-5

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