A maize epimerase modulates cell wall synthesis and glycosylation during stomatal morphogenesis

Yusen Zhou, Tian Zhang, Xiaocui Wang, Wenqiang Wu, Jingjing Xing, Zuliang Li, Xin Qiao, Chunrui Zhang, Xiaohang Wang, Guangshun Wang, Wenhui Li, Shenglong Bai, Zhi Li, Yuanzhen Suo, Jiajia Wang, Yanli Niu, Junli Zhang, Chen Lan, Zhubing Hu, Baozhu Li, Xuebin Zhang, Wei Wang, David W. Galbraith, Yuhang Chen, Siyi Guo () and Chun-Peng Song ()
Additional contact information
Yusen Zhou: Henan University
Tian Zhang: Henan University
Xiaocui Wang: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wenqiang Wu: Henan University
Jingjing Xing: Henan University
Zuliang Li: Henan University
Xin Qiao: Henan University
Chunrui Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaohang Wang: Henan University
Guangshun Wang: Henan University
Wenhui Li: Henan University
Shenglong Bai: Henan University
Zhi Li: Henan University
Yuanzhen Suo: Peking University
Jiajia Wang: Henan University
Yanli Niu: Henan University
Junli Zhang: Henan University
Chen Lan: Henan University
Zhubing Hu: Henan University
Baozhu Li: Henan University
Xuebin Zhang: Henan University
Wei Wang: Henan University
David W. Galbraith: Henan University
Yuhang Chen: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Siyi Guo: Henan University
Chun-Peng Song: Henan University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract The unique dumbbell-shape of grass guard cells (GCs) is controlled by their cell walls which enable their rapid responses to the environment. The molecular mechanisms regulating the synthesis and assembly of GC walls are as yet unknown. Here we have identified BZU3, a maize gene encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerase that regulates the supply of UDP-glucose during GC wall synthesis. The BZU3 mutation leads to significant decreases in cellular UDP-glucose levels. Immunofluorescence intensities reporting levels of cellulose and mixed-linkage glucans are reduced in the GCs, resulting in impaired local wall thickening. BZU3 also catalyzes the epimerization of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and the BZU3 mutation affects N-glycosylation of proteins that may be involved in cell wall synthesis and signaling. Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal modulation of BZU3 plays a dual role in controlling cell wall synthesis and glycosylation via controlling UDP-glucose/N-acetylglucosamine homeostasis during stomatal morphogenesis. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms controlling formation of the unique morphology of grass stomata.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40013-6

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