Probing the symmetry breaking of a light–matter system by an ancillary qubit

Shuai-Peng Wang, Alessandro Ridolfo, Tiefu Li (), Salvatore Savasta (), Franco Nori, Y. Nakamura and J. Q. You ()
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Shuai-Peng Wang: Beijing Computational Science Research Center
Alessandro Ridolfo: Università di Catania
Tiefu Li: Tsinghua University
Salvatore Savasta: Università di Messina
Franco Nori: Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN
Y. Nakamura: RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC)
J. Q. You: Zhejiang University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Hybrid quantum systems in the ultrastrong, and even more in the deep-strong, coupling regimes can exhibit exotic physical phenomena and promise new applications in quantum technologies. In these nonperturbative regimes, a qubit–resonator system has an entangled quantum vacuum with a nonzero average photon number in the resonator, where the photons are virtual and cannot be directly detected. The vacuum field, however, is able to induce the symmetry breaking of a dispersively coupled probe qubit. We experimentally observe the parity symmetry breaking of an ancillary Xmon artificial atom induced by the field of a lumped-element superconducting resonator deep-strongly coupled with a flux qubit. This result opens a way to experimentally explore the novel quantum-vacuum effects emerging in the deep-strong coupling regime.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40097-0

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