Alvarez varifocal X-ray lens

Vishal Dhamgaye (), David Laundy, Hossein Khosroabadi, Thomas Moxham, Sara Baldock, Oliver Fox and Kawal Sawhney
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Vishal Dhamgaye: Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
David Laundy: Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
Hossein Khosroabadi: Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
Thomas Moxham: Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
Sara Baldock: Lancaster University
Oliver Fox: Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
Kawal Sawhney: Harwell Science and Innovation Campus

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Visible light optical elements such as lenses and mirrors have counterparts for X-rays. In the visible regime, a variable focusing power can be achieved by an Alvarez lens which consists of a pair of inline planar refractors with a cubic thickness profile. When the two refractors are laterally displaced in opposite directions, the parabolic component of the wavefront is changed resulting in a longitudinal displacement of the focus. This paper reports an implementation of this concept for X-rays using two planar microfabricated refractive elements. The Alvarez X-ray lens can vary the focal distance of an elliptical X-ray mirror or a planar compound X-ray lens over several millimetres. The study presents the first demonstration of an Alvarez X-ray lens which adaptively corrects defocus and astigmatism aberrations of X-ray optics. In addition, the Alvarez X-ray lens eliminates coma aberration in an elliptical mirror, to the lowest order, when combining the lens with an adjustment of the pitch angle of the mirror.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40347-1

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