XCP1 cleaves Pathogenesis-related protein 1 into CAPE9 for systemic immunity in Arabidopsis

Ying-Lan Chen, Fan-Wei Lin, Kai-Tan Cheng, Chi-Hsin Chang, Sheng-Chi Hung, Thomas Efferth and Yet-Ran Chen ()
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Ying-Lan Chen: Academia Sinica
Fan-Wei Lin: Academia Sinica
Kai-Tan Cheng: Academia Sinica
Chi-Hsin Chang: Academia Sinica
Sheng-Chi Hung: Academia Sinica
Thomas Efferth: Johannes Gutenberg University
Yet-Ran Chen: Academia Sinica

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Proteolytic activation of cytokines regulates immunity in diverse organisms. In animals, cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) play central roles in cytokine maturation. Although the proteolytic production of peptide cytokines is also essential for plant immunity, evidence for cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases in regulating plant immunity is still limited. In this study, we found that the C-terminal proteolytic processing of a caspase-like substrate motif “CNYD” within Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) generates an immunomodulatory cytokine (CAPE9) in Arabidopsis. Salicylic acid enhances CNYD-targeted protease activity and the proteolytic release of CAPE9 from PR1 in Arabidopsis. This process involves a protease exhibiting caspase-like enzyme activity, identified as Xylem cysteine peptidase 1 (XCP1). XCP1 exhibits a calcium-modulated pH-activity profile and a comparable activity to human caspases. XCP1 is required to induce systemic immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This work reveals XCP1 as a key protease for plant immunity, which produces the cytokine CAPE9 from the canonical salicylic acid signaling marker PR1 to activate systemic immunity.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40406-7

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