Self-sampling monkeypox virus testing in high-risk populations, asymptomatic or with unrecognized Mpox, in Spain

Cristina Agustí (), Héctor Martínez-Riveros, Àgueda Hernández-Rodríguez, Cristina Casañ, Yesika Díaz, Lucía Alonso, Elisa Martró, Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti, Marçal Gallemí, Cinta Folch, Ibrahim Sönmez, Héctor Adell, Marta Villar, Alexia París de León, Sandra Martinez-Puchol, A. C. Pelegrin, Daniel Perez-Zsolt, Dàlia Raïch-Regué, Rubén Mora, Luis Villegas, Bonaventura Clotet, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Pere-Joan Cardona and Jordi Casabona
Additional contact information
Cristina Agustí: Government of Catalonia
Héctor Martínez-Riveros: Government of Catalonia
Àgueda Hernández-Rodríguez: Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital
Cristina Casañ: Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital
Yesika Díaz: Government of Catalonia
Lucía Alonso: Government of Catalonia
Elisa Martró: Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti: Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol
Marçal Gallemí: Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol
Cinta Folch: Government of Catalonia
Ibrahim Sönmez: Government of Catalonia
Héctor Adell: ONG Stop
Marta Villar: ONG Stop
Alexia París de León: Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital
Sandra Martinez-Puchol: Campus Can Ruti
A. C. Pelegrin: Campus Can Ruti
Daniel Perez-Zsolt: Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol
Dàlia Raïch-Regué: Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol
Rubén Mora: ONG Stop
Luis Villegas: ONG Stop
Bonaventura Clotet: Campus Can Ruti
Nuria Izquierdo-Useros: Campus Can Ruti
Pere-Joan Cardona: Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital
Jordi Casabona: Government of Catalonia

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The recent monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak was of global concern and has mainly affected gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Here we assess prevalence of MPXV in high-risk populations of GBMSM, trans women (TW) and non-binary people without symptoms or with unrecognized monkeypox (Mpox) symptoms, using a self-sampling strategy. Anal and pharyngeal swabs are tested by MPXV real-time PCR and positive samples are tested for cytopathic effect (CPE) in cell culture. 113 individuals participated in the study, 89 (78.76%) were cis men, 17 (15.04%) were TW. The median age was 35.0 years (IQR: 30.0–43.0), 96 (85.02%) individuals were gay or bisexual and 72 (63.72%) were migrants. Seven participants were MPXV positive (6.19% (95% CI: 1.75%–10.64%)). Five tested positive in pharyngeal swabs, one in anal swab and one in both. Six did not present symptoms recognized as MPXV infection. Three samples were positive for CPE, and showed anti-vaccinia pAb staining by FACS and confocal microscopy. This suggests that unrecognized Mpox cases can shed infectious virus. Restricting testing to individuals reporting Mpox symptoms may not be sufficient to contain outbreaks.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40490-9

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