Multiple antiferromagnetic phases and magnetic anisotropy in exfoliated CrBr3 multilayers

Fengrui Yao (), Volodymyr Multian, Zhe Wang (), Nicolas Ubrig, Jérémie Teyssier, Fan Wu, Enrico Giannini, Marco Gibertini, Ignacio Gutiérrez-Lezama and Alberto F. Morpurgo ()
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Fengrui Yao: University of Geneva
Volodymyr Multian: University of Geneva
Zhe Wang: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Nicolas Ubrig: University of Geneva
Jérémie Teyssier: University of Geneva
Fan Wu: University of Geneva
Enrico Giannini: University of Geneva
Marco Gibertini: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Ignacio Gutiérrez-Lezama: University of Geneva
Alberto F. Morpurgo: University of Geneva

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract In twisted two-dimensional (2D) magnets, the stacking dependence of the magnetic exchange interaction can lead to regions of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interlayer order, separated by non-collinear, skyrmion-like spin textures. Recent experimental searches for these textures have focused on CrI3, known to exhibit either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interlayer order, depending on layer stacking. However, the very strong uniaxial anisotropy of CrI3 disfavors smooth non-collinear phases in twisted bilayers. Here, we report the experimental observation of three distinct magnetic phases—one ferromagnetic and two antiferromagnetic—in exfoliated CrBr3 multilayers, and reveal that the uniaxial anisotropy is significantly smaller than in CrI3. These results are obtained by magnetoconductance measurements on CrBr3 tunnel barriers and Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, which enable us to identify the stackings responsible for the different interlayer magnetic couplings. The detection of all locally stable magnetic states predicted to exist in CrBr3 and the excellent agreement found between theory and experiments, provide complete information on the stacking-dependent interlayer exchange energy and establish twisted bilayer CrBr3 as an ideal system to deterministically create non-collinear magnetic phases.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40723-x

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