Super-resolution multicolor fluorescence microscopy enabled by an apochromatic super-oscillatory lens with extended depth-of-focus

Wenli Li, Pei He, Dangyuan Lei (), Yulong Fan, Yangtao Du, Bo Gao, Zhiqin Chu, Longqiu Li, Kaipeng Liu, Chengxu An, Weizheng Yuan and Yiting Yu ()
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Wenli Li: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Pei He: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Dangyuan Lei: City University of Hong Kong
Yulong Fan: City University of Hong Kong
Yangtao Du: Fudan University
Bo Gao: Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhiqin Chu: The University of Hong Kong
Longqiu Li: Harbin Institute of Technology
Kaipeng Liu: Harbin Institute of Technology
Chengxu An: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Weizheng Yuan: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Yiting Yu: Northwestern Polytechnical University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Planar super-oscillatory lens (SOL), a far-field subwavelength-focusing diffractive device, holds great potential for achieving sub-diffraction-limit imaging at multiple wavelengths. However, conventional SOL devices suffer from a numerical-aperture-related intrinsic tradeoff among the depth of focus (DoF), chromatic dispersion and focusing spot size. Here, we apply a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach to design an apochromatic binary-phase SOL having a prolonged DoF, customized working distance (WD), minimized main-lobe size, and suppressed side-lobe intensity. Experimental implementation demonstrates simultaneous focusing of blue, green and red light beams into an optical needle of ~0.5λ in diameter and DOF > 10λ at WD = 428 μm. By integrating this SOL device with a commercial fluorescence microscope, we perform, for the first time, three-dimensional super-resolution multicolor fluorescence imaging of the “unseen” fine structures of neurons. The present study provides not only a practical route to far-field multicolor super-resolution imaging but also a viable approach for constructing imaging systems avoiding complex sample positioning and unfavorable photobleaching.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40725-9

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