Cultivation of marine bacteria of the SAR202 clade

Yeonjung Lim, Ji-Hui Seo, Stephen J. Giovannoni, Ilnam Kang () and Jang-Cheon Cho ()
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Yeonjung Lim: Inha University
Ji-Hui Seo: Inha University
Stephen J. Giovannoni: Oregon State University
Ilnam Kang: Inha University
Jang-Cheon Cho: Inha University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Bacteria of the SAR202 clade, within the phylum Chloroflexota, are ubiquitously distributed in the ocean but have not yet been cultivated in the lab. It has been proposed that ancient expansions of catabolic enzyme paralogs broadened the spectrum of organic compounds that SAR202 bacteria could oxidize, leading to transformations of the Earth’s carbon cycle. Here, we report the successful cultivation of SAR202 bacteria from surface seawater using dilution-to-extinction culturing. The growth of these strains is very slow (0.18–0.24 day−1) and is inhibited by exposure to light. The genomes, of ca. 3.08 Mbp, encode archaella (archaeal motility structures) and multiple sets of enzyme paralogs, including 80 genes coding for enolase superfamily enzymes and 44 genes encoding NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases. We propose that these enzyme paralogs participate in multiple parallel pathways for non-phosphorylative catabolism of sugars and sugar acids. Indeed, we demonstrate that SAR202 strains can utilize several substrates that are metabolized through the predicted pathways, such as sugars ʟ-fucose and ʟ-rhamnose, as well as their lactone and acid forms.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40726-8

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