Controlling the propagation asymmetry of hyperbolic shear polaritons in beta-gallium oxide

Joseph Matson, Sören Wasserroth, Xiang Ni, Maximilian Obst, Katja Diaz-Granados, Giulia Carini, Enrico Maria Renzi, Emanuele Galiffi, Thomas G. Folland, Lukas M. Eng, J. Michael Klopf, Stefan Mastel, Sean Armster, Vincent Gambin, Martin Wolf, Susanne C. Kehr, Andrea Alù, Alexander Paarmann () and Joshua D. Caldwell ()
Additional contact information
Joseph Matson: Vanderbilt University
Sören Wasserroth: Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
Xiang Ni: Central South University
Maximilian Obst: TUD Dresden University of Technology
Katja Diaz-Granados: Vanderbilt University
Giulia Carini: Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
Enrico Maria Renzi: City University of New York
Emanuele Galiffi: City University of New York
Thomas G. Folland: The University of Iowa
Lukas M. Eng: TUD Dresden University of Technology
J. Michael Klopf: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Stefan Mastel: Attocube Systems AG
Sean Armster: NG NEXT, Northrop Grumman Corporation
Vincent Gambin: NG NEXT, Northrop Grumman Corporation
Martin Wolf: Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
Susanne C. Kehr: TUD Dresden University of Technology
Andrea Alù: City University of New York
Alexander Paarmann: Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
Joshua D. Caldwell: Vanderbilt University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Structural anisotropy in crystals is crucial for controlling light propagation, particularly in the infrared spectral regime where optical frequencies overlap with crystalline lattice resonances, enabling light-matter coupled quasiparticles called phonon polaritons (PhPs). Exploring PhPs in anisotropic materials like hBN and MoO3 has led to advancements in light confinement and manipulation. In a recent study, PhPs in the monoclinic crystal β-Ga2O3 (bGO) were shown to exhibit strongly asymmetric propagation with a frequency dispersive optical axis. Here, using scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), we directly image the symmetry-broken propagation of hyperbolic shear polaritons in bGO. Further, we demonstrate the control and enhancement of shear-induced propagation asymmetry by varying the incident laser orientation and polariton momentum using different sizes of nano-antennas. Finally, we observe significant rotation of the hyperbola axis by changing the frequency of incident light. Our findings lay the groundwork for the widespread utilization and implementation of polaritons in low-symmetry crystals.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40789-7

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