SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits broad and potent antibody effector functions to variants of concern in vulnerable populations

Andrew P. Hederman, Harini Natarajan, Leo Heyndrickx, Kevin K. Ariën, Joshua A. Wiener, Peter F. Wright, Evan M. Bloch, Aaron A. R. Tobian, Andrew D. Redd, Joel N. Blankson, Amihai Rottenstreich, Gila Zarbiv, Dana Wolf, Tessa Goetghebuer, Arnaud Marchant and Margaret E. Ackerman ()
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Andrew P. Hederman: Dartmouth College
Harini Natarajan: Dartmouth College
Leo Heyndrickx: Institute of Tropical Medicine
Kevin K. Ariën: Institute of Tropical Medicine
Joshua A. Wiener: Dartmouth College
Peter F. Wright: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Evan M. Bloch: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Aaron A. R. Tobian: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Andrew D. Redd: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Joel N. Blankson: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Amihai Rottenstreich: Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center
Gila Zarbiv: Hadassah University Medical Center
Dana Wolf: Hadassah University Medical Center
Tessa Goetghebuer: Université libre de Bruxelles
Arnaud Marchant: Université libre de Bruxelles
Margaret E. Ackerman: Dartmouth College

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract SARS-CoV-2 variants have continuously emerged in the face of effective vaccines. Reduced neutralization against variants raises questions as to whether other antibody functions are similarly compromised, or if they might compensate for lost neutralization activity. Here, the breadth and potency of antibody recognition and effector function is surveyed following either infection or vaccination. Considering pregnant women as a model cohort with higher risk of severe illness and death, we observe similar binding and functional breadth for healthy and immunologically vulnerable populations, but considerably greater functional antibody breadth and potency across variants associated with vaccination. In contrast, greater antibody functional activity targeting the endemic coronavirus OC43 is noted among convalescent individuals, illustrating a dichotomy in recognition between close and distant human coronavirus strains associated with exposure history. This analysis of antibody functions suggests the differential potential for antibody effector functions to contribute to protecting vaccinated and convalescent subjects as novel variants continue to evolve.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40960-0

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