Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines

Saar Shoer, Smadar Shilo, Anastasia Godneva, Orly Ben-Yacov, Michal Rein, Bat Chen Wolf, Maya Lotan-Pompan, Noam Bar, Ervin I. Weiss, Yael Houri-Haddad, Yitzhak Pilpel, Adina Weinberger and Eran Segal ()
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Saar Shoer: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Smadar Shilo: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Anastasia Godneva: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Orly Ben-Yacov: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Michal Rein: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Bat Chen Wolf: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Maya Lotan-Pompan: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Noam Bar: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Ervin I. Weiss: Tel Aviv University
Yael Houri-Haddad: The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine
Yitzhak Pilpel: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Adina Weinberger: The Weizmann Institute of Science
Eran Segal: The Weizmann Institute of Science

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Diabetes and associated comorbidities are a global health threat on the rise. We conducted a six-month dietary intervention in pre-diabetic individuals (NCT03222791), to mitigate the hyperglycemia and enhance metabolic health. The current work explores early diabetes markers in the 200 individuals who completed the trial. We find 166 of 2,803 measured features, including oral and gut microbial species and pathways, serum metabolites and cytokines, show significant change in response to a personalized postprandial glucose-targeting diet or the standard of care Mediterranean diet. These changes include established markers of hyperglycemia as well as novel features that can now be investigated as potential therapeutic targets. Our results indicate the microbiome mediates the effect of diet on glycemic, metabolic and immune measurements, with gut microbiome compositional change explaining 12.25% of serum metabolites variance. Although the gut microbiome displays greater compositional changes compared to the oral microbiome, the oral microbiome demonstrates more changes at the genetic level, with trends dependent on environmental richness and species prevalence in the population. In conclusion, our study shows dietary interventions can affect the microbiome, cardiometabolic profile and immune response of the host, and that these factors are well associated with each other, and can be harnessed for new therapeutic modalities.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41042-x

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