Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profiles after bivalent boosting using antigenic cartography

Annika Rössler, Antonia Netzl, Ludwig Knabl, David Bante, Samuel H. Wilks, Wegene Borena, Dorothee Laer, Derek J. Smith () and Janine Kimpel ()
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Annika Rössler: Medical University of Innsbruck
Antonia Netzl: University of Cambridge, Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology
Ludwig Knabl: Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH
David Bante: Medical University of Innsbruck
Samuel H. Wilks: University of Cambridge, Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology
Wegene Borena: Medical University of Innsbruck
Dorothee Laer: Medical University of Innsbruck
Derek J. Smith: University of Cambridge, Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology
Janine Kimpel: Medical University of Innsbruck

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Since emergence of the initial SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 variants, Omicron has diversified substantially. Antigenic characterization of these new variants is important to analyze their potential immune escape from population immunity and implications for future vaccine composition. Here, we describe an antigenic map based on human single-exposure sera and live-virus isolates that includes a broad selection of recently emerged Omicron variants such as BA.2.75, BF.7, BQ, XBB and XBF variants. Recent Omicron variants clustered around BA.1 and BA.5 with some variants further extending the antigenic space. Based on this antigenic map we constructed antibody landscapes to describe neutralization profiles after booster immunization with bivalent mRNA vaccines based on ancestral virus and either BA.1 or BA.4/5. Immune escape of BA.2.75, BQ, XBB and XBF variants was also evident in bivalently boosted individuals, however, cross-neutralization was improved for those with hybrid immunity. Our results indicate that future vaccine updates are needed to induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against currently circulating variants.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41049-4

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