The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis

Marc Schoeler, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos, Till Birkner, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Lisa Olsson, Harald Brolin, Ulrike Loeber, Jamie D. Kraft, Arnaud Polizzi, Marian Martí-Navas, Josep Puig, Antonio Moschetta, Alexandra Montagner, Pierre Gourdy, Christophe Heymes, Hervé Guillou, Valentina Tremaroli, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Sofia K. Forslund, Remy Burcelin and Robert Caesar ()
Additional contact information
Marc Schoeler: University of Gothenburg
Sandrine Ellero-Simatos: Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse
Till Birkner: Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association
Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs: Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital
Lisa Olsson: University of Gothenburg
Harald Brolin: University of Gothenburg
Ulrike Loeber: Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association
Jamie D. Kraft: University of Gothenburg
Arnaud Polizzi: Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse
Marian Martí-Navas: Doctor Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona
Josep Puig: Doctor Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona
Antonio Moschetta: University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
Alexandra Montagner: Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse
Pierre Gourdy: Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse
Christophe Heymes: Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse
Hervé Guillou: Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse
Valentina Tremaroli: University of Gothenburg
José Manuel Fernández-Real: Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital
Sofia K. Forslund: Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association
Remy Burcelin: Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse
Robert Caesar: University of Gothenburg

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Dietary lipids can affect metabolic health through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, but the influence of lipid-microbiota interaction on liver steatosis is largely unknown. We investigate the impact of dietary lipids on human gut microbiota composition and the effects of microbiota-lipid interactions on steatosis in male mice. In humans, low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) is associated with increased microbial diversity independent of fiber intake. In mice, poorly absorbed dietary long-chain SFA, particularly stearic acid, induce a shift in bile acid profile and improved metabolism and steatosis. These benefits are dependent on the gut microbiota, as they are transmitted by microbial transfer. Diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective against steatosis but have minor influence on the microbiota. In summary, we find that diets enriched in poorly absorbed long-chain SFA modulate gut microbiota profiles independent of fiber intake, and this interaction is relevant to improve metabolism and decrease liver steatosis.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41074-3

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