Organisation of the orthobunyavirus tripodal spike and the structural changes induced by low pH and K+ during entry

Samantha Hover, Frank W. Charlton, Jan Hellert, Jessica J. Swanson, Jamel Mankouri (), John N. Barr () and Juan Fontana ()
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Samantha Hover: Faculty of Biological Sciences
Frank W. Charlton: Faculty of Biological Sciences
Jan Hellert: Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Virologie (LIV)
Jessica J. Swanson: Faculty of Biological Sciences
Jamel Mankouri: Faculty of Biological Sciences
John N. Barr: Faculty of Biological Sciences
Juan Fontana: Faculty of Biological Sciences

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Following endocytosis, enveloped viruses employ the changing environment of maturing endosomes as cues to promote endosomal escape, a process often mediated by viral glycoproteins. We previously showed that both high [K+] and low pH promote entry of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), the prototypical bunyavirus. Here, we use sub-tomogram averaging and AlphaFold, to generate a pseudo-atomic model of the whole BUNV glycoprotein envelope. We unambiguously locate the Gc fusion domain and its chaperone Gn within the floor domain of the spike. Furthermore, viral incubation at low pH and high [K+], reminiscent of endocytic conditions, results in a dramatic rearrangement of the BUNV envelope. Structural and biochemical assays indicate that pH 6.3/K+ in the absence of a target membrane elicits a fusion-capable triggered intermediate state of BUNV GPs; but the same conditions induce fusion when target membranes are present. Taken together, we provide mechanistic understanding of the requirements for bunyavirus entry.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41205-w

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