An Influenza A virus can evolve to use human ANP32E through altering polymerase dimerization

Carol M. Sheppard (), Daniel H. Goldhill, Olivia C. Swann, Ecco Staller, Rebecca Penn, Olivia K. Platt, Ksenia Sukhova, Laury Baillon, Rebecca Frise, Thomas P. Peacock, Ervin Fodor and Wendy S. Barclay ()
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Carol M. Sheppard: Imperial College London
Daniel H. Goldhill: Imperial College London
Olivia C. Swann: Imperial College London
Ecco Staller: University of Oxford
Rebecca Penn: Imperial College London
Olivia K. Platt: Imperial College London
Ksenia Sukhova: Imperial College London
Laury Baillon: Imperial College London
Rebecca Frise: Imperial College London
Thomas P. Peacock: Imperial College London
Ervin Fodor: University of Oxford
Wendy S. Barclay: Imperial College London

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Human ANP32A and ANP32B are essential but redundant host factors for influenza virus genome replication. While most influenza viruses cannot replicate in edited human cells lacking both ANP32A and ANP32B, some strains exhibit limited growth. Here, we experimentally evolve such an influenza A virus in these edited cells and unexpectedly, after 2 passages, we observe robust viral growth. We find two mutations in different subunits of the influenza polymerase that enable the mutant virus to use a novel host factor, ANP32E, an alternative family member, which is unable to support the wild type polymerase. Both mutations reside in the symmetric dimer interface between two polymerase complexes and reduce polymerase dimerization. These mutations have previously been identified as adapting influenza viruses to mice. Indeed, the evolved virus gains the ability to use suboptimal mouse ANP32 proteins and becomes more virulent in mice. We identify further mutations in the symmetric dimer interface which we predict allow influenza to adapt to use suboptimal ANP32 proteins through a similar mechanism. Overall, our results suggest a balance between asymmetric and symmetric dimers of influenza virus polymerase that is influenced by the interaction between polymerase and ANP32 host proteins.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41308-4

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