Monkeypox virus-infected individuals mount comparable humoral immune responses as Smallpox-vaccinated individuals

Ashley D. Otter (), Scott Jones, Bethany Hicks, Daniel Bailey, Helen Callaby, Catherine Houlihan, Tommy Rampling, Nicola Claire Gordon, Hannah Selman, Panayampalli S. Satheshkumar, Michael Townsend, Ravi Mehta, Marcus Pond, Rachael Jones, Deborah Wright, Clarissa Oeser, Simon Tonge, Ezra Linley, Georgia Hemingway, Tom Coleman, Sebastian Millward, Aaron Lloyd, Inger Damon, Tim Brooks, Richard Vipond, Cathy Rowe and Bassam Hallis
Additional contact information
Ashley D. Otter: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Scott Jones: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Bethany Hicks: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Daniel Bailey: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Helen Callaby: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Catherine Houlihan: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Tommy Rampling: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Nicola Claire Gordon: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Hannah Selman: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Panayampalli S. Satheshkumar: Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
Michael Townsend: Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
Ravi Mehta: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Marcus Pond: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Rachael Jones: Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Deborah Wright: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Clarissa Oeser: UK Health Security Agency, Colindale
Simon Tonge: UK Health Security Agency
Ezra Linley: UK Health Security Agency
Georgia Hemingway: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Tom Coleman: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Sebastian Millward: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Aaron Lloyd: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Inger Damon: Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
Tim Brooks: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Richard Vipond: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Cathy Rowe: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down
Bassam Hallis: UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract In early 2022, a cluster of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection (mpox) cases were identified within the UK with no prior travel history to MPXV-endemic regions. Subsequently, case numbers exceeding 80,000 were reported worldwide, primarily affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Public health agencies worldwide have offered the IMVANEX Smallpox vaccination to these individuals at high-risk to provide protection and limit the spread of MPXV. We have developed a comprehensive array of ELISAs to study poxvirus-induced antibodies, utilising 24 MPXV and 3 Vaccinia virus (VACV) recombinant antigens. Panels of serum samples from individuals with differing Smallpox-vaccine doses and those with prior MPXV infection were tested on these assays, where we observed that one dose of Smallpox vaccination induces a low number of antibodies to a limited number of MPXV antigens but increasing with further vaccination doses. MPXV infection induced similar antibody responses to diverse poxvirus antigens observed in Smallpox-vaccinated individuals. We identify MPXV A27 as a serological marker of MPXV-infection, whilst MPXV M1 (VACV L1) is likely IMVANEX-specific. Here, we demonstrate analogous humoral antigen recognition between both MPXV-infected or Smallpox-vaccinated individuals, with binding to diverse yet core set of poxvirus antigens, providing opportunities for future vaccine (e.g., mRNA) and therapeutic (e.g., mAbs) design.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41587-x

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