Visualizing moiré ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe2 structures

Shuai Zhang (), Yang Liu, Zhiyuan Sun, Xinzhong Chen, Baichang Li, S. L. Moore, Song Liu, Zhiying Wang, S. E. Rossi, Ran Jing, Jordan Fonseca, Birui Yang, Yinming Shao, Chun-Ying Huang, Taketo Handa, Lin Xiong, Matthew Fu, Tsai-Chun Pan, Dorri Halbertal, Xinyi Xu, Wenjun Zheng, P. J. Schuck, A. N. Pasupathy, C. R. Dean, Xiaoyang Zhu, David H. Cobden, Xiaodong Xu, Mengkun Liu, M. M. Fogler, James C. Hone and D. N. Basov ()
Additional contact information
Shuai Zhang: Columbia University
Yang Liu: Columbia University
Zhiyuan Sun: Harvard University
Xinzhong Chen: Columbia University
Baichang Li: Columbia University
S. L. Moore: Columbia University
Song Liu: Columbia University
Zhiying Wang: Columbia University
S. E. Rossi: Columbia University
Ran Jing: Columbia University
Jordan Fonseca: University of Washington
Birui Yang: Columbia University
Yinming Shao: Columbia University
Chun-Ying Huang: Columbia University
Taketo Handa: Columbia University
Lin Xiong: Columbia University
Matthew Fu: Columbia University
Tsai-Chun Pan: Columbia University
Dorri Halbertal: Columbia University
Xinyi Xu: Columbia University
Wenjun Zheng: Stony Brook University
P. J. Schuck: Columbia University
A. N. Pasupathy: Columbia University
C. R. Dean: Columbia University
Xiaoyang Zhu: Columbia University
David H. Cobden: University of Washington
Xiaodong Xu: University of Washington
Mengkun Liu: Stony Brook University
M. M. Fogler: University of California, San Diego
James C. Hone: Columbia University
D. N. Basov: Columbia University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Ferroelectricity, a spontaneous and reversible electric polarization, is found in certain classes of van der Waals (vdW) materials. The discovery of ferroelectricity in twisted vdW layers provides new opportunities to engineer spatially dependent electric and optical properties associated with the configuration of moiré superlattice domains and the network of domain walls. Here, we employ near-field infrared nano-imaging and nano-photocurrent measurements to study ferroelectricity in minimally twisted WSe2. The ferroelectric domains are visualized through the imaging of the plasmonic response in a graphene monolayer adjacent to the moiré WSe2 bilayers. Specifically, we find that the ferroelectric polarization in moiré domains is imprinted on the plasmonic response of the graphene. Complementary nano-photocurrent measurements demonstrate that the optoelectronic properties of graphene are also modulated by the proximal ferroelectric domains. Our approach represents an alternative strategy for studying moiré ferroelectricity at native length scales and opens promising prospects for (opto)electronic devices.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41773-x

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