Decreased liver B vitamin-related enzymes as a metabolic hallmark of cancer cachexia

Yasushi Kojima (), Emi Mishiro-Sato, Teruaki Fujishita, Kiyotoshi Satoh, Rie Kajino-Sakamoto, Isao Oze, Kazuki Nozawa, Yukiya Narita, Takatsugu Ogata, Keitaro Matsuo, Kei Muro, Makoto Mark Taketo, Tomoyoshi Soga and Masahiro Aoki ()
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Yasushi Kojima: Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
Emi Mishiro-Sato: Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
Teruaki Fujishita: Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
Kiyotoshi Satoh: Keio University
Rie Kajino-Sakamoto: Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
Isao Oze: Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
Kazuki Nozawa: Aichi Cancer Center Hospital
Yukiya Narita: Aichi Cancer Center Hospital
Takatsugu Ogata: Aichi Cancer Center Hospital
Keitaro Matsuo: Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
Kei Muro: Aichi Cancer Center Hospital
Makoto Mark Taketo: Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho
Tomoyoshi Soga: Keio University
Masahiro Aoki: Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-23

Abstract: Abstract Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic disorder accounting for ~20% of cancer-related deaths, yet its metabolic landscape remains unexplored. Here, we report a decrease in B vitamin-related liver enzymes as a hallmark of systemic metabolic changes occurring in cancer cachexia. Metabolomics of multiple mouse models highlights cachexia-associated reductions of niacin, vitamin B6, and a glycine-related subset of one-carbon (C1) metabolites in the liver. Integration of proteomics and metabolomics reveals that liver enzymes related to niacin, vitamin B6, and glycine-related C1 enzymes dependent on B vitamins decrease linearly with their associated metabolites, likely reflecting stoichiometric cofactor-enzyme interactions. The decrease of B vitamin-related enzymes is also found to depend on protein abundance and cofactor subtype. These metabolic/proteomic changes and decreased protein malonylation, another cachexia feature identified by protein post-translational modification analysis, are reflected in blood samples from mouse models and gastric cancer patients with cachexia, underscoring the clinical relevance of our findings.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41952-w

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