Structural basis for the unique molecular properties of broad-range phospholipase C from Listeria monocytogenes

Nejc Petrišič, Maksimiljan Adamek, Andreja Kežar, Samo B. Hočevar, Ema Žagar, Gregor Anderluh and Marjetka Podobnik ()
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Nejc Petrišič: National Institute of Chemistry
Maksimiljan Adamek: National Institute of Chemistry
Andreja Kežar: National Institute of Chemistry
Samo B. Hočevar: National Institute of Chemistry
Ema Žagar: National Institute of Chemistry
Gregor Anderluh: National Institute of Chemistry
Marjetka Podobnik: National Institute of Chemistry

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Listeriosis is one of the most serious foodborne diseases caused by the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Its two major virulence factors, broad-range phospholipase C (LmPC-PLC) and the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO), enable the bacterium to spread in the host by destroying cell membranes. Here, we determine the crystal structure of LmPC-PLC and complement it with the functional analysis of this enzyme. This reveals that LmPC-PLC has evolved several structural features to regulate its activity, including the invariant position of the N-terminal tryptophan (W1), the structurally plastic active site, Zn2+-dependent activity, and the tendency to form oligomers with impaired enzymatic activity. We demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of LmPC-PLC can be specifically inhibited by its propeptide added in trans. Furthermore, we show that the phospholipase activity of LmPC-PLC facilitates the pore-forming activity of LLO and affects the morphology of LLO oligomerization on lipid membranes, revealing the multifaceted synergy of the two virulence factors.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42134-4

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