Spatial and temporal dynamics of West Nile virus between Africa and Europe

Giulia Mencattelli (), Marie Henriette Dior Ndione, Andrea Silverj, Moussa Moise Diagne, Valentina Curini, Liana Teodori, Marco Di Domenico, Rassoul Mbaye, Alessandra Leone, Maurilia Marcacci, Alioune Gaye, ElHadji Ndiaye, Diawo Diallo, Massimo Ancora, Barbara Secondini, Valeria Di Lollo, Iolanda Mangone, Andrea Bucciacchio, Andrea Polci, Giovanni Marini, Roberto Rosà, Nicola Segata, Gamou Fall, Cesare Cammà, Federica Monaco, Mawlouth Diallo, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Oumar Faye, Annapaola Rizzoli and Giovanni Savini
Additional contact information
Giulia Mencattelli: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Marie Henriette Dior Ndione: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Andrea Silverj: University of Trento
Moussa Moise Diagne: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Valentina Curini: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Liana Teodori: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Marco Di Domenico: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Rassoul Mbaye: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Alessandra Leone: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Maurilia Marcacci: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Alioune Gaye: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
ElHadji Ndiaye: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Diawo Diallo: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Massimo Ancora: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Barbara Secondini: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Valeria Di Lollo: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Iolanda Mangone: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Andrea Bucciacchio: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Andrea Polci: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Giovanni Marini: Fondazione Edmund Mach
Roberto Rosà: University of Trento
Nicola Segata: University of Trento
Gamou Fall: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Cesare Cammà: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Federica Monaco: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise
Mawlouth Diallo: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Omar Rota-Stabelli: University of Trento
Oumar Faye: Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Annapaola Rizzoli: Fondazione Edmund Mach
Giovanni Savini: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract It is unclear whether West Nile virus (WNV) circulates between Africa and Europe, despite numerous studies supporting an African origin and high transmission in Europe. We integrated genomic data with geographic observations and phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences to uncover the spatial and temporal viral dynamics of WNV between these two continents. We focused our analysis towards WNV lineages 1 (L1) and 2 (L2), the most spatially widespread and pathogenic WNV lineages. Our study shows a Northern-Western African origin of L1, with back-and-forth exchanges between West Africa and Southern-Western Europe; and a Southern African origin of L2, with one main introduction from South Africa to Europe, and no back introductions observed. We also noticed a potential overlap between L1 and L2 Eastern and Western phylogeography and two Afro-Palearctic bird migratory flyways. Future studies linking avian and mosquito species susceptibility, migratory connectivity patterns, and phylogeographic inference are suggested to elucidate the dynamics of emerging viruses.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42185-7

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