Epidemiology of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Rachel Sendor (), Kristin Banek, Melchior M. Kashamuka, Nono Mvuama, Joseph A. Bala, Marthe Nkalani, Georges Kihuma, Joseph Atibu, Kyaw L. Thwai, W. Matthew Svec, Varun Goel, Tommy Nseka, Jessica T. Lin, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Michael Emch, Margaret Carrel, Jonathan J. Juliano, Antoinette Tshefu and Jonathan B. Parr ()
Additional contact information
Rachel Sendor: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Kristin Banek: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Melchior M. Kashamuka: University of Kinshasa
Nono Mvuama: University of Kinshasa
Joseph A. Bala: University of Kinshasa
Marthe Nkalani: University of Kinshasa
Georges Kihuma: University of Kinshasa
Joseph Atibu: University of Kinshasa
Kyaw L. Thwai: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
W. Matthew Svec: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Varun Goel: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Tommy Nseka: University of Kinshasa
Jessica T. Lin: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Jeffrey A. Bailey: Brown University
Michael Emch: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Margaret Carrel: University of Iowa
Jonathan J. Juliano: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Antoinette Tshefu: University of Kinshasa
Jonathan B. Parr: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Reports suggest non-falciparum species are an underappreciated cause of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa but their epidemiology is ill-defined, particularly in highly malaria-endemic regions. We estimated incidence and prevalence of PCR-confirmed non-falciparum and Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections within a longitudinal study conducted in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2015-2017. Children and adults were sampled at biannual household surveys and routine clinic visits. Among 9,089 samples from 1,565 participants, incidences of P. malariae, P. ovale spp., and P. falciparum infections by 1-year were 7.8% (95% CI: 6.4%-9.1%), 4.8% (95% CI: 3.7%-5.9%) and 57.5% (95% CI: 54.4%-60.5%), respectively. Non-falciparum prevalences were higher in school-age children, rural and peri-urban sites, and P. falciparum co-infections. P. falciparum remains the primary driver of malaria in the DRC, though non-falciparum species also pose an infection risk. As P. falciparum interventions gain traction in high-burden settings, continued surveillance and improved understanding of non-falciparum infections are warranted.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42190-w

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