C-type lectin receptor 2d forms homodimers and heterodimers with TLR2 to negatively regulate IRF5-mediated antifungal immunity

Fan Li, Hui Wang, Yan-Qi Li, Yebo Gu () and Xin-Ming Jia ()
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Fan Li: Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University
Hui Wang: Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
Yan-Qi Li: Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
Yebo Gu: Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University
Xin-Ming Jia: Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Dimerization of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can alter their ligand binding ability, thereby modulating immune responses. However, the possibilities and roles of dimerization between CLRs and TLRs remain unclear. Here we show that C-type lectin receptor-2d (CLEC2D) forms homodimers, as well as heterodimers with TLR2. Quantitative ligand binding assays reveal that both CLEC2D homodimers and CLEC2D/TLR2 heterodimers have a higher binding ability to fungi-derived β-glucans than TLR2 homodimers. Moreover, homo- or hetero-dimeric CLEC2D mediates β-glucan-induced ubiquitination and degradation of MyD88 to inhibit the activation of transcription factor IRF5 and subsequent IL-12 production. Clec2d-deficient female mice are resistant to infection with Candida albicans, a human fungal pathogen, owing to the increase of IL-12 production and subsequent generation of IFN-γ-producing NK cells. Together, these data indicate that CLEC2D forms homodimers or heterodimers with TLR2, which negatively regulate antifungal immunity through suppression of IRF5-mediated IL-12 production. These homo- and hetero-dimers of CLEC2D and TLR2 provide an example of receptor dimerization to regulate host innate immunity against microbial infections.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42216-3

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