Phase-engineering the Andreev band structure of a three-terminal Josephson junction

Marco Coraiola, Daniel Z. Haxell, Deividas Sabonis, Hannes Weisbrich, Aleksandr E. Svetogorov, Manuel Hinderling, Sofieke C. Kate, Erik Cheah, Filip Krizek, Rüdiger Schott, Werner Wegscheider, Juan Carlos Cuevas, Wolfgang Belzig and Fabrizio Nichele ()
Additional contact information
Marco Coraiola: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Daniel Z. Haxell: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Deividas Sabonis: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Hannes Weisbrich: Universität Konstanz
Aleksandr E. Svetogorov: Universität Konstanz
Manuel Hinderling: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Sofieke C. Kate: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Erik Cheah: Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich
Filip Krizek: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Rüdiger Schott: Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich
Werner Wegscheider: Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich
Juan Carlos Cuevas: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Wolfgang Belzig: Universität Konstanz
Fabrizio Nichele: IBM Research Europe—Zurich

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract In hybrid Josephson junctions with three or more superconducting terminals coupled to a semiconducting region, Andreev bound states may form unconventional energy band structures, or Andreev matter, which are engineered by controlling superconducting phase differences. Here we report tunnelling spectroscopy measurements of three-terminal Josephson junctions realised in an InAs/Al heterostructure. The three terminals are connected to form two loops, enabling independent control over two phase differences and access to a synthetic Andreev band structure in the two-dimensional phase space. Our results demonstrate a phase-controlled Andreev molecule, originating from two discrete Andreev levels that spatially overlap and hybridise. Signatures of hybridisation are observed in the form of avoided crossings in the spectrum and band structure anisotropies in the phase space, all explained by a numerical model. Future extensions of this work could focus on addressing spin-resolved energy levels, ground state fermion parity transitions and Weyl bands in multiterminal geometries.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42356-6

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