Microwave-induced conductance replicas in hybrid Josephson junctions without Floquet—Andreev states

Daniel Z. Haxell, Marco Coraiola, Deividas Sabonis, Manuel Hinderling, Sofieke C. Kate, Erik Cheah, Filip Krizek, Rüdiger Schott, Werner Wegscheider, Wolfgang Belzig, Juan Carlos Cuevas and Fabrizio Nichele ()
Additional contact information
Daniel Z. Haxell: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Marco Coraiola: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Deividas Sabonis: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Manuel Hinderling: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Sofieke C. Kate: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Erik Cheah: Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich
Filip Krizek: IBM Research Europe—Zurich
Rüdiger Schott: Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich
Werner Wegscheider: Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich
Wolfgang Belzig: Universität Konstanz
Juan Carlos Cuevas: Universität Konstanz
Fabrizio Nichele: IBM Research Europe—Zurich

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Light–matter coupling allows control and engineering of complex quantum states. Here we investigate a hybrid superconducting–semiconducting Josephson junction subject to microwave irradiation by means of tunnelling spectroscopy of the Andreev bound state spectrum and measurements of the current–phase relation. For increasing microwave power, discrete levels in the tunnelling conductance develop into a series of equally spaced replicas, while the current–phase relation changes amplitude and skewness, and develops dips. Quantitative analysis of our results indicates that conductance replicas originate from photon assisted tunnelling of quasiparticles into Andreev bound states through the tunnelling barrier. Despite strong qualitative similarities with proposed signatures of Floquet–Andreev states, our study rules out this scenario. The distortion of the current–phase relation is explained by the interaction of Andreev bound states with microwave photons, including a non-equilibrium Andreev bound state occupation. The techniques outlined here establish a baseline to study light–matter coupling in hybrid nanostructures and distinguish photon assisted tunnelling from Floquet–Andreev states in mesoscopic devices.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42357-5

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