Mutational spectra are associated with bacterial niche

Christopher Ruis, Aaron Weimann, Gerry Tonkin-Hill, Arun Prasad Pandurangan, Marta Matuszewska, Gemma G. R. Murray, Roger C. Lévesque, Tom L. Blundell, R. Andres Floto () and Julian Parkhill ()
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Christopher Ruis: University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Aaron Weimann: University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Gerry Tonkin-Hill: University of Oslo
Arun Prasad Pandurangan: University of Cambridge
Marta Matuszewska: University of Cambridge
Gemma G. R. Murray: Wellcome Sanger Institute; Wellcome Genome Campus
Roger C. Lévesque: Université Laval
Tom L. Blundell: University of Cambridge
R. Andres Floto: University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Julian Parkhill: University of Cambridge

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract As observed in cancers, individual mutagens and defects in DNA repair create distinctive mutational signatures that combine to form context-specific spectra within cells. We reasoned that similar processes must occur in bacterial lineages, potentially allowing decomposition analysis to detect both disruption of DNA repair processes and exposure to niche-specific mutagens. Here we reconstruct mutational spectra for 84 clades from 31 diverse bacterial species and find distinct mutational patterns. We extract signatures driven by specific DNA repair defects using hypermutator lineages, and further deconvolute the spectra into multiple signatures operating within different clades. We show that these signatures are explained by both bacterial phylogeny and replication niche. By comparing mutational spectra of clades from different environmental and biological locations, we identify niche-associated mutational signatures, and then employ these signatures to infer the predominant replication niches for several clades where this was previously obscure. Our results show that mutational spectra may be associated with sites of bacterial replication when mutagen exposures differ, and can be used in these cases to infer transmission routes for established and emergent human bacterial pathogens.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42916-w

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